ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most talked-about disease of the past few years. Patients with significant comorbidities have been at particular risk of adverse outcomes. This study looked at the outcomes and risk factors for adverse outcomes among patients on chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, a group of patients known to be particularly susceptible to infectious complications. AIM: To assess outcomes and risk factors for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection among patients on chronic hemodialysis. METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) and Web of Science databases for relevant terms and imported the results into the Covidence platform. From there, studies were assessed in two stages for relevance and quality, and data from studies that satisfied all the requirements were extracted into a spreadsheet. The data was then analyzed descriptively and statistically. RESULTS: Of the 920 studies identified through the initial database search, only 17 were included in the final analysis. The studies included in the analysis were mostly carried out during the first wave. We found that COVID-19 incidence among patients on hemodialysis was significant, over 10% in some studies. Those who developed COVID-19 infection were most likely going to be hospitalized, and over 1 in 5 died from the infection. Intensive care unit admission rate was lower than the infection lethality rate. Biochemical abnormalities and dyspnea were generally reported to be associated with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION: This systematic review confirms that patients on chronic hemodialysis are very high-risk individuals for COVID-19 infections, and a significant proportion was infected during the first wave. Their prognosis is overall much worse than in the general population, and every effort needs to be made to decrease their exposure.
ABSTRACT
To control and minimize many countries have to try to impose radical lockdown red zone and movement control or stay on their residents. The effectiveness of these alleviation measures is highly dependent on collaboration and the fulfillment of all members of a civilization. The knowledge attitudes and practices people hold toward the disease play a vital role in determining a society’s willingness to accept behavioral change of the people. This study was to determine the Effect of COVID-19 in among the Bangladeshi public. A cross-sectional online survey of 260 Bangladeshi residents of various sectors and professions was conducted via Google form. Descriptive statistics chi-square tests t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) was considered to design a standardized scale to measure the mental stress and socioeconomic crisis. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the statistically significant association between different variables on awareness level of the country and cluster analysis (CA) was applied to examine the reliability of each item according to the components to develop a composite score. The overall rate of the level of awareness of Bangladeshi people was only 25% although 96.9% knowing COVID-19 epidemic. The 33.5% maintain lock down and 40.0% people maintain social distance. We found lack consciousness of People spreadCOVID-19that maybe increase about 68.1% over the country and there is positive correlation between people knowing COVID-19 and awareness level. Losses in education sector are found statistically significant. The PC 1 (first principal component) explained 9.328 % of the variance which was moderate positive loaded with locality people maintain social distance (0.568) and strong positive loaded with people maintain lockdown in locality (0.619). Moreover, result shows that stay at home was the best method to reduce this pandemic situation and agriculture sector may overcome this economic distress. However Meta-Analysis showed that there is strong association between awareness levels of COVID-19 and washing hands daily in the lockdown area.